LATE PREHISTORIC PERIOD
750 A.D. to 1650 A.D.

The Late Prehistoric Period in Central Texas began as early as A.D. 600 (Wheat and Whorton 1990) or possibly as late as A.D. 1200 (Lukowski 1988). The beginning of the period is noted with the introduction of the bow and arrow and pottery. In Central Texas two archaeological phases are identified. The earliest phase in this period is called the Austin Phase and began around A. D. 700 and ended approximately A. D. 1300. Scallorn points, which have been found at Redland Oaks, have been associated with this phase.

At the Wheatly site in Blanco County, the archaeological record suggests pottery was introduced into the area during the Austin Phase or at least while Scallorn points were still being used during a transitional period (Greer 1976). In Bexar county at 41 BX 228 archaeological remains support the association of pottery with Scallorn points as well. Theses finds have an associated radiocarbon date of A. D. 980 (Black and McGraw 1985).

The second phase is called the Toyah phase. It began around A. D. 1300 and ended about A. D. 1750 and immediately precedes the historic period. Stone tools associated with this period include Perdiz, also identified at Redland Oaks, and Clifton points as well as end scrapers and bevel bifaces. Pottery is also associated with this phase and has been found at many archaeological sites. During the Toyah phase hunting seemed to increase and bison heards returned to the area.

Scallorn points are widely distributed across Texas but are not known to occur in deep south Texas or far west Texas. They were in use from 700 to 1200 AD, well before the historic period. They have been found in the body cavaties of some burials in a position to indicate they were the cause of death. (Chandler, 1994)